Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) occurs when breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body, such as the bones, lungs, liver, or brain. Early recognition of symptoms can aid in timely treatment and improve quality of life.

Common Symptoms of MBC

The symptoms vary depending on where the cancer has spread:

• Bone Pain: Persistent discomfort in the back, hips, or legs may signal cancer in the bones.
• Shortness of Breath: Cancer in the lungs may cause breathing difficulties or a chronic cough.
• Abdominal Discomfort: Liver metastasis can lead to pain, swelling, nausea, or appetite loss.
• Neurological Issues: Brain involvement may result in headaches, vision changes, memory loss, or seizures.
• Fatigue: A common issue caused by the disease and its treatments.
• Swelling in the Legs or Feet: Cancer or treatments like chemotherapy can cause fluid retention.

Prevalence of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Between 2001 and 2021, over 4.6 million breast cancer cases were diagnosed in the U.S., with 5.6% being metastatic at diagnosis. Additionally, about 1 in 3 breast cancer patients will eventually develop metastases. Notably, African American women face a 40% higher mortality rate than white women.

Treatment Options for MBC

Although MBC is not curable, treatments can slow progression and manage symptoms:

1. Ibrance (palbociclib): A CDK4/6 inhibitor used with hormone therapy for HR+/HER2- MBC.

• Pros: May extend disease control.
• Cons: Can cause fatigue and reduced white blood cell counts.

2. Verzenio (abemaciclib): Another CDK4/6 inhibitor, effective alone or with hormone therapy.

• Pros: Slows disease progression.
• Cons: Side effects include diarrhea and fatigue.

3. Kisqali (ribociclib): A targeted therapy that inhibits cancer cell growth.

• Pros: Improves progression-free survival.
• Cons: May cause nausea and liver enzyme elevation.

4. Nerlynx (neratinib): A HER2-targeting therapy for HER2-positive MBC.

• Pros: Enhances treatment effectiveness.
• Cons: Can lead to diarrhea and fatigue.

Conclusion

While metastatic breast cancer presents challenges, recognizing symptoms early and exploring treatment options can significantly improve quality of life. Seeking medical guidance is crucial in managing the disease effectively.