HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a life-changing and deadly virus that affects the body's immune system by infecting and destroying CD4+ white blood cells. A weak immune system means the body cannot effectively fight off disease.

Prevention Methods

HIV is spread through bodily fluids and can be transmitted through sex, drug use, and even breastfeeding. Fortunately, there are now several preventive measures and medications you can take to reduce your risk of contracting HIV. Here is a list of known prevention methods.

1. Get tested

The first step to preventing HIV exposure is to know not only your own sexual history, but that of your partner as well. You should both get tested for HIV before having sex.

2. Limit the number of sexual partners

Having sex with multiple partners increases your risk of contracting HIV.

3. Always practice safe sex

Use condoms during anal, oral, or vaginal sex to prevent HIV transmission. If used correctly, condoms prevent 98-99% of HIV transmission.

4. Avoid injecting drugs

However, when injecting drugs, it is important to use sterile equipment. Never share your needs with others - this puts you at a higher risk of contracting HIV.

5. Feed with a bottle instead of breastfeeding

If you are an HIV-positive mother, it is recommended that you feed your child with formula instead of breastfeeding because HIV can be transmitted from mother to child through breast milk.

6. Take medications as prescribed by your doctor

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is the use of antiretroviral drugs as a preventive method to reduce the risk of HIV infection. Truvada is a medication that has been used for PrEP for the past decade. The medication is a combination of two drugs that work together to suppress and slow HIV in people who are already infected. But now Truvada can also be used in HIV-negative adults and adolescents over 12 years of age who are at higher risk of infection. If used consistently, Truvada reduces the risk of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse by more than 90% and reduces the risk of HIV transmission by people who use drugs by more than 70%.

HIV risk factors

• Sexual partner with HIV
• Sharing drug paraphernalia
• Non-monogamous relationship with a partner who does not practice safe sex
• Relationship with a partner at high risk of HIV infection

HIV cannot be cured, but it is preventable if these methods are practiced and taken seriously. If you are concerned about your risk of contracting HIV, talk to your doctor and get tested.